形容词从句就是关系从句，主、从两个从句间一定有重复的元素以建立关系。既然有重复，就可省略。如果重复的元素(关系词) 是关系从句的宾语，通常只是把关系词本身省略，
1.The man is here.
2.You asked about him.
⇒ The man you asked about is here.(你要找的人在这儿。) —— 关系词 whom 是介系词 about 的宾语，挪到句首后可以省略，成为(B)。
如果关系词是关系从句的主语，那么简化起来，省略主语就势必也要省略 be 动词，这就是典型的形容词从句简化。
以下的介绍及案例，是简化之后，针对所留下部分，根据其不同补语的形态，来加以分类。
简化后，得到的补语为 Ven 形式
如果关系从句中是被动态，就会简化成为 Ven 形式的补语部分。
2.It is chilled to 6 °C.
which is chilled to 6 °C
[关系从句] is most delicious. (啤酒冰到摄氏六度最可口。)
chilled to 6 °C
[简化形容词从句] is most delicious.
再举一个有逗号的关系从句为例：
[先行词],
who was wounded in war
[关系从句], will soon be sent home. （你哥哥约翰作战受伤，即将被送回家）
wounded in war
[简化形容词从句], will soon be sent home.
补语为 Ving
如果关系从句中的动词是 be+Ving 的形状（进行式），只要省略主语与 be 动词即可。
[先行词]
which is coming to shore
[关系从句] is from Gaoxiong. （正在靠岸的那条船是从高雄来的）
coming to shore
[简化关系从句] is from Gaoxiong.
如果关系从句中没有 be 动词，也没有助动词，就要把动词改成 Ving 的形状。
[先行词], which breaks down every other week
[关系从句], won’t last much longer.（我那辆老爷车，每篇一个星期总要抛锚一次，大概开不了多久了）
breaking down every other week
[简化形容词从句], won’t last much longer.
补语为 to V
如果关系从句的动词有语气助动词存在，就会成为不定词补语留下来。
[先行词] who should go this time
[关系从句].（这次是约翰走人）
不定词的词类是“不一定”什么词类，也就是当名词、形容词、副词使用皆可。所以也符合原来关系从句的词类，可以形容先行词 the one，是正确的简化从句。
判断不定词的主动及被动
不定词也有主动与被动之分。其间的选择，如果还原成关系从句，就可以看得很清楚。
to trust
[简化形容词从句].（约翰这人不可信.）
2.John is not a man
to be trusted
[简化形容词从句].
One can trust the man.
a man
[先行词]
whom one can trust
[关系从句].
a man
[先行词]
one can trust
[关系从句].
a man
[先行词]
who can be trusted
[关系从句].
不定词有无宾语的判断
不定词中，如果是及物动词，又有加不加宾语的差别，这也要看原来关系从句的句型来判断。
the thing
[先行词]
to do
[简化形容词从句].（这正是该做的事）
2.This is exactly
the time
[先行词]
to do it
[简化形容词从句].（是做这件事的时候了）
the thing
[先行词]
which we should do
[关系从句].
the thing
[先行词]
we should do
[关系从句].
the time
[先行词]
when we should do it
[关系从句].
the time
[先行词]
we should do it
[关系从句].
不定词后面有无介系词的判断？
有些不定词宾语后面会跟个介系词，像 to talk to. to deal with、to get into 等。这是因为介系词后面的宾语就是关系词，径行省略之故，因而只见介系词不见宾语。在不定词后面，如果跟有介系词，大多是这个道理，只要还原成关系从句即可明白。
2.You must deal with the guy
the toughest guy
[先行词]
whom you must deal with
[关系从句].（他会是你得对付的家伙中最难缠的一个）
the toughest guy
[先行词]
you must deal with
[关系从句].
the toughest guy
[先行词] to deal with
[简化形容词从句].
不定词的主语不清时如何处理？
如果主语省略会造成意思不清楚，通过介系词短语，安排主语于以宾语形态岀现。最常用的是 for 介系词。
a job
[先行词]
that your brother can do
[关系从句].（我有件差事想请你哥哥来做）
a job
[先行词]
your brother can do
[关系从句].
针对从属从句，当经过简化后，其剩余的补语为一般形容词
若关系从句动词是 be 动词，后面是单纯的形容词类作补语，那么可直接简化主语（即关系词）和 be 动词，只留下补语。
[先行词],
who is pretty and intelligent
[关系从句], is a popular First Lady. (希拉里・克林顿义漂亮又聪明，是相当受欢迎的第一夫人。)
[先行词], pretty and intelligent
[关系从句], is a popular First Lady.
针对从属从句，当经过简化后，其剩余的补语为名词
关系从句是形容词类，如果简化主语和 be 动词，剩下的是名词补语，其词类虽与原来的关系从句词类有冲突，但仍然可以使用。传统语法则为此取了个名称：同位语，来避开词类的冲突。
例如：Bill Clihton, who is President of the U.S., is a Baby Boomer. 先行词关系从句（比尔•克林顿，美国总统，是生育高峰期出生的）
President of the U.S.
[先行词简化形容词从句], is a Baby Boomer.
Test
练习一
将下列各句中的关系从句（即画底线部分）改写为简化从句：
1.Medieval suits of armor, which were developed for protection during battle, are now placed in castles fbr decoration.
2.The change of style in these paintings should be obvious to anyone that is 忸 miliar with the artist’s works.
3.Islands are actually tips of underwater mountain peaks that rise above water.
4.John Milton, who was author of Paradise Lost, was a key member of Oliver Cromwell’s cabinet.
5.The secretary thought that it might not be the best time that she should ask her boss for a raise.
6.Gold is one of the heaviest metals that are known to man.
7.Here are some books that your brother can use.
8.Sexual harassment, which is a hotly debated issue in the work place, will be the topic of the intercollegiate debate next week.
9.There’s nothing left that I can say now.
10.People that live along the waterfront must be evacuated before the storm hits.
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练习二
请选岀最适当的答案填入空格内，以使句子完整。
一新一
(C)you to go
(D)for you going
7.Penicillin, in the early 20th century, brought in the golden age of chemotherapy.
(A)to be discovered
(B)discovering
(C)discovery was
(D)discovered
8.Those are not words .
(A)to be taken seriously
(B)to take them seriously
(C)taking seriously
(D)are taken seriously
9.The mouse, like the keyboard, is a control device to a computer.
(A)connected
(B)to connect it
(C)and connect
(D)that connect
10.An amendment to the Constitution in Harry
Truman’s tenure limits the US presidency to two terms.
(A)passing
(B)to pass
(C)passed
(D)was passed
Answer 次
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17
练习一
1.Medieval suits of armor, developed fbr protection during battle, are now placed in castles fbr decoration.
2.The change of style in these paintings should be obvious to anyone fhmiliar with the artist’s works.
3.Islands are actually tips of underwater mountain peaks rising above water.
4.John Milton, author of Paradise Lost, was a key member of Oliver CromwelPs cabinet.
5.The secretary thought that it might not be the best time to ask her boss for a raise.
6.Gold is one of the heaviest metals known to man
7.Here are some books fbr your brother to use
8.Sexual harassment, a hotly debated issue in the work place, will be the topic of the intercollegiate debate next week.
9.There’s nothing left (fbr me) to say now.
10.People living along the waterfront must be evacuated before the storm hits.
练习二
1.(C)
答案 C 的句型是 Vitamin C is often found in fruit and vegetables，中间再加上同位语 a trace element (微量元素)，也就是关系从句 which is a trace element 的简化。
2.(A)
空格以下原为关系从句 that was excavated in East Africa，简化后即得 A。
3- (C)
空格以下原为关系从句 who were actively using the computer…, ‘ 简化成为 C。
- (A)’
空格以下原为关系从句 which functions as the earth’s lungs，简化为 A。
5- (D)
空格以下原为关系从句 that is called coalescence，简化为
D°
6.(B)
空格以下原为关系从句 where you can go，简化为 B。
7.(D)
空格以下原为关系从句 which was discovered in the early 20th century，简化为 D。
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8.(A)
空格以下原为关系从句 that should be taken seriously，简化为 A。
9.(A)
空格以下原为关系从句 that is connected to a computer，减化为 A。
10.(C)
空格以下原为关系从句 that was passed in Harry Truman’s tenure，简化为 C。