「NFS」- 服务搭建(Ubuntu、CentOS、Debian)

该笔记将记录:在 Linux 中,如何快速部署 NFS 服务,并配置访问,以及常见问题的解决办法;

环境信息

系统环境:Debian,Ubuntu,CentOS
ClearOS release 7.5.0 (Final) | nfs-utils 1.3.0
CentOS release 6.5 (Final) | nfs-utils-1.2.3-75.el6_9.x86_64 | nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-13.el6.x86_64

第一步、部署服务

执行如下命令,以安装 NFS 服务端:

# --------------------------------------------------------- # on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

apt install -y nfs-kernel-server

systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server.service
systemctl start nfs-kernel-server.service
systemctl status nfs-kernel-server.service

# --------------------------------------------------------- # on CentOS 6.5

yum install -y nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib

chkconfig nfs on
chkconfig rpcbind on
service rpcbind start
service nfs start

# --------------------------------------------------------- # on ClearOS 7.5

yum install -y nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib

systemctl start nfs-server.service
systemctl enable nfs-server.service

# --------------------------------------------------------- # on Kylin V10

yum install -y nfs-utils
systemctl start nfs-server.service
systemctl enable nfs-server.service

第二步、导出文件系统

添加共享目录,如下示例:

# --------------------------------------------------------- // 导出目录

# 建议使用系统提供的“配置文件引入”方式,而非直接修改 /etc/exports 文件
# 建议使用地址替换星号(*),以限制访问,防止不期望的主机访问 NFS 服务;

mkdir -pv /srv/nfs/kubernetes /etc/exports.d/

cat > /etc/exports.d/srv-nfs-kubernetes.exports <<EOF
/srv/nfs/kubernetes 172.17.0.5/20(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
EOF

# --------------------------------------------------------- // 配置生效

exportfs -a -r # 配置重新加载,而无需重启

# --------------------------------------------------------- // 查看导出目录

showmount -e 127.0.0.1

第三步、访问文件系统

在客户端或远程主机中,挂载 NFS 文件系统:

yum install -y nfs-utils
apt-get install nfs-common

mount -t nfs nfs-server-ip-address:/home

参考文献

How to Install and Configure an NFS Server on Ubuntu 18.04
How To Set Up an NFS Mount on CentOS 6
mount – NFS Server changes in /etc/exports file need Service Restart? – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
Network File System (NFS)
NFS Server changes in /etc/exports file need Service Restart?
NFS share access – Permission denied – Super User
SettingUpNFSHowTo