on Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
How to Install the Latest Git Version on Ubuntu
Git/Download for Linux and Unix
# 仓库版本的安装 apt-get install git # 最新版本的安装，for Ubuntu add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa apt update apt install git
on CentOS 7.x（安装新版本）
IUS/Setup
Update Git to the latest (help)
How to install latest version of git on CentOS 7.x/6.x
# 安装新版本 Git
yum install -y \
https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm \
https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
yum makecache
yum install git2u-all.noarch # 全家桶（11/20/2019 git version 2.16.5）
# 安装更新的版本
# yum install http://opensource.wandisco.com/centos/6/git/x86_64/wandisco-git-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
# yum install http://opensource.wandisco.com/centos/7/git/x86_64/wandisco-git-release-7-1.noarch.rpm
yum install -y http://opensource.wandisco.com/centos/7/git/x86_64/wandisco-git-release-7-2.noarch.rpm
yum makecache
yum install -y git #（11/20/2019 git version 2.22.0）
on Windows
Git – Downloading Package/Download for Windows
安装下载即可
通过源码安装
对于 Git 的编译安装，建议参考 BLFS 文档；
建议安装依赖
cURL-7.50.1 (needed to use Git over http, https, ftp or ftps), OpenSSL-1.0.2h, Python-2.7.12
可选软件包
PCRE-8.39, Subversion-1.9.4 with Perl bindings (for git svn),
Tk-8.6.6 (gitk, a simple Git repository viewer, uses Tk at runtime), Valgrind-3.11.0
下面是用于创建 man pages, html docs 和其他的 other docs 的软件包：
xmlto-0.0.28 and asciidoc-8.6.9 or AsciiDoctor, and also dblatex (for the PDF version of the user manual), docbook2x to create info pages
配置、构建、编译、安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig # 安装 Git，执行 make make install # 如果想同时安装 Git 文档，执行： make all doc make install install-doc
安装的可执行程序
git, is the stupid content tracker.
git-cvsserver, is a CVS server emulator for Git.
gitk, is a graphical Git repository browser (needs Tk-8.6.6).
git-receive-pack, is invoked by git send-pack and updates the repository with the information fed from the remote end.
git-shell, is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
git-upload-archive, is invoked by git archive –remote and sends a generated archive to the other end over the git protocol.
git-upload-pack, is invoked by git fetch-pack, it discovers what objects the other side is missing, and sends them after packing.
Setup and Config
git
config
help
Getting and Creating Projects
init，创建Git空仓库、或者重新初始化已经存储在的仓库。
clone
Basic Snapshotting
add
status
diff
commit，将变更记录到存储库中
reset
rm
mv
Branching and Merging
branch
checkout
merge，将两个或者多个开发历史合并到一起。
mergetool
log
stash
tag
worktree
Sharing and Updating Projects
fetch，从另一个仓库下载object和ref。
pull
push
remote
submodule
Inspection and Comparison
show
log
diff
shortlog
describe
Patching
apply
cherry-pick
diff
rebase
revert
Debugging
bisect
blame
grep
am
apply
format-patch
send-email
request-pull
External Systems
svn
fast-import
Administration
clean
gc
fsck
reflog
filter-branch
instaweb
archive
bundle
Server Admin
daemon
update-server-info
Plumbing Commands
cat-file
check-ignore
checkout-index
commit-tree
count-objects
diff-index
for-each-ref
hash-object
ls-files
merge-base
read-tree
rev-list
rev-parse
show-ref
symbolic-ref
update-index
update-ref
verify-pack
write-tree
Guides
gitattributes
Everyday Git
Glossary
githooks
gitignore
gitmodules
Revisions
Tutorial
Workflows
常用环境配置
在命令提示符号中，显示当前 GIT 分支
Display git branch in bash prompt
# 方法一：
export PS1="\\w\$(__git_ps1 '(%s)') \$ "
# 方法二：
parse_git_branch() {
git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/ (\1)/'
}
export PS1="\u@\h \[\033[32m\]\w\[\033[33m\]\$(parse_git_branch)\[\033[00m\]\n$ "
# 注意事项：
# 1. 不管使用那种方法都要注意“\$”的存在，这用于防止命令被提前执行。否则，当切换到其他目
# 时，分支名不会发生改变；
参考文献
Git/Download for Linux and Unix
BLFS/Git-2.9.3