「Backup」- 备份 | Backup

认识

Linux 备份和恢复是维护系统和数据完整性的重要任务。备份是将数据复制到另一个位置，以便在数据丢失或损坏时恢复。而恢复是将备份数据还原到原始位置的过程；

Linux 备份和恢复包括以下几个步骤：
1）确定备份策略：确定备份的频率、备份的目标、备份的方式以及备份的存储位置；
2）选择备份工具：Linux 有很多备份工具可供选择，如 tar、rsync、dd 等。选择备份工具要考虑到备份的类型和存储介质；
3）执行备份：执行备份需要根据备份策略和选择的备份工具进行操作。备份可以是完整备份或增量备份；
4）确认备份的可用性：备份完成后，需要测试备份数据的可用性，以确保可以进行恢复；
5）恢复数据：恢复数据需要根据备份的类型和工具进行操作。在恢复数据之前，还需要确认备份数据的完整性和正确性；
6）确认数据恢复：恢复数据后，需要测试数据的完整性和正确性，以确保数据恢复成功；

Linux 备份和恢复是维护系统和数据完整性的重要任务。备份和恢复可以保护数据免受意外损坏、病毒攻击、硬件故障等问题。在备份和恢复过程中，需要选择适当的备份工具和策略，并测试备份和恢复的可用性；

较为典型的开源备份软件有 Bareos、Bacula、Amanda 等；

组成

备份数据

WIP

备份工具

构建

—— 该部分将介绍常用备份工具。我们更加关注于`通过备份工具来完成数据备份`，而非`从零开始构建一个备份工具`。

Veritas NetBackup、CommVault

备份工具

BackupYourSystem – Community Help Wiki

AMANDA

The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, or AMANDA, is a popular network backup solution that can save data from Linux, Unix or Windows systems to hard drives, tape or optical media. It was last updated in December 2017. Zmanda, which sponsors the project, offers commercial products based on the same technology. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS.

Areca Backup

Designed for personal use, Area is a simple but versatile backup solution. Key features include delta backup, compression, encryption, filters, as-of-date recovery and more. Operating System: Windows, Linux

BackupPC

Robust enough for enterprise use, BackupPC backs up data from Linux and Windows systems to disk. Noteworthy features include a unique pooling scheme, optional compression, a web interface and support for mobile devices. It claims to be highly configurable and easy to install and maintain. Operating System: Windows, Linux

Bacula

Another option for enterprises, Bacula is a network backup solution that aims to be easy to use and very efficient. It claims to be the most popular open source backup program. Commercial support and services for the solution are available through Bacula Systems. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS

Bareos

Forked from Bacula, Bareos is a popular open source backup option that is under very active development with the latest version released in February 2018. The Bareos.com website offers paid support and services for the tool. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS

Box Backup

This “completely automatic” backup solution creates backups continuously and can also create snapshots when desired. It includes encryption and optional RAID capabilities, and old file versions and deleted files remain available. Operating System: Windows, Linux

Back In Time

Similar to FlyBack (see below), Back in Time offers a very easy-to-configure snapshot backup solution. GUIs are available for both Gnome and KDE (4.1 or greater). Operating System: Linux

BURP

Short for “BackUp And Restore Program,” BURP is a network backup solution. It offers a choice of two different protocols: one based on librsync (see below) and one that uses variable length chunking for inline deduplication. It is designed to be easier to configure than some other open source solutions, and it can do delta backups. Operating System: Windows, Linux

Clonezilla

Designed to replace Acronis True Image or Norton Ghost, Clonezilla is useful for both system deployment and backup and recovery. It comes in two flavors: live for standalone systems and SE for network backup or cloning multiple systems at once. The SE version can clone 40 or more systems at once. Operating System: Linux

Create Synchronicity

Powerful but lightweight, this backup tool takes up only 220KB of space on your hard drive. It supports multiple languages, has an intuitive interface and includes a scheduler. It is also helpful for syncing photos, music and other files across devices. Operating System: Windows

Disk Archive, a.k.a. DAR, is an older command-line tool for backup, but it is still being updated regularly with the most recent version released in April 2018. For those who prefer a GUI, one is available through the DarGUI project. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS

DirSync Pro

This “small but powerful,” utility offers incremental backup, filtering and scheduling capabilities. It also boasts an intuitive interface, and it offers the ability to analyze two sets of files or folders and detect the changes between them. It also includes a helpful real-time synchronization option. Operating System: Windows

Duplicati

Duplicati works with cloud storage services like AWS S3, Microsoft OneDrive, Google Drive and Box to create backups with AES-256 encryption. It does a full backup on first use and incremental backups after that; it also offers data deduplication capabilities. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS

FOG offers cross-platform cloning and imaging capabilities plus remote management for networks of any size. It offers support through forums and a wiki. Operating System: Linux, Windows, macOS.

FreeFileSync

A tool for standalone systems, FreeFileSync aims to save users time when setting up and running backups. It is cross-platform and includes 64-bit support. Tutorials and a manual are available on the website. Operating System: Linux, Windows, macOS

FullSync

Although it was designed to help web developers push updates to their sites, FullSync can also be used by anyone to create backups. Key features include multiple modes, flexible rules, buffered filesystems, support for multiple file transfer protocols and more. Note that development on this project has slowed somewhat as it hasn’t been updated since April 2016. Operating System: Linux, Windows, macOS

Grsync

Grsync takes the older rsync synchronization tool and adds an easy-to-use GUI. Noteworthy features include unlimited sessions, highlighted errors, batch capabilities, simulations, support for multiple languages and more. Operating System: Linux, Windows, macOS

Mondo Rescue

For Linux and FreeBSD only, Mondo Rescue is a disaster recovery solution that supports tape, disk, network or optical media backups. According to its website, its users include “Lockheed-Martin, Nortel Networks, Siemens, HP, IBM, and dozens of smaller companies.” The most recent update was released in April 2016. Operating System: Linux, Free BSD

Partimage

This tool saves partitions of drives as image files, making it useful for backup or installing the same image on multiple systems. It can run across networks or on a standalone PC. It can also be used to create a SystemRescueCD. Operating System: Linux

Redo

Redo boasts that its bare-metal restore capabilities can get a crashed system back up and running in as little as 10 minutes. It’s very easy to use and can also recover deleted images and files. Operating System: Windows, Linux

Rsync

Rsync is a Unix-based file-transfer utility with synchronization capabilities that make it suitable for creating backups or mirroring. It’s a useful tool but is best used by advanced users. The most recent version was released in January 2018. Operating System: Linux, Windows, macOS

Synkron

While this app is focused primarily on synchronization, it can be used for creating backups as well. Key features include analysis capabilities, blacklisting, restores and cross-platform support. Documentation is available in both German and English. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS

Unison

Like Synkron, Unison is a file synchronization tool. It can copy files between any two systems connected to the internet, and it has features in common with source code management tools as well as with backup utilities. Its advantage over some other synchronization tools is that it can combine two sets of files where both sets have undergone changes. Operating System: Windows, Unix

UrBackup

This client-server backup solution does both image and file backups. It promises “both data safety and a fast restoration time.” It makes backups while the system is in use without interrupting normal operation. Operating System: Windows, Linux

Weex

The Weex developers intended it primarily as a tool for pushing content to websites, but it can also be used to synchronize or backup files. It supports FTP file transfer and uses caching to speed data transfer. Operating System: Windows, Linux

Syncthing