「xwd」
xwd，在X window中的截图工具，能dump出窗口的图片。
命令行语法格式
xwd [-debug] [-help] [-nobdrs] [-out file] [-xy] [-frame] [-add value] [-root | -id id | -name name ] [-icmap] [-screen] [-silent] [-display display]
命令支持的选项及含义
-display display 指定 x server
-nobdrs dump 的内容不包括 x window 的边界, 只包含窗口的内容；
-out file 指定存储 dump 内容的文件；
-xy 该选项只适用与颜色显示. 它选择 `XY’ 格式, 而不使用默认的 `Z’ 格式；
-add value 将 value 指定的值添加到每个像素上；
-frame 截图是包含窗口管理器, 没有该选项的时候只截取窗口的内容；
-root 截取整个屏幕；
-id id 截取 resource id 指定的窗口；
-name name 截取 name 指定的窗口来截图, name 来自于 WM_NAME 属性；不是很明白啊
-icmap 一般情况下, 窗口的 colormap 是 RGB 值, 如果指定该选项, 强制使用屏幕第一次安装的 colormap ?? 这个我就不是很明白了
-screen 截取窗口, 如果指定窗口上面被别窗口或者控件覆盖, 那么覆盖的部分也会被截取, 当然只是重叠的部分；
-silent 安静模式, dump 的时候没有提示音；
关于输出的文件
dump窗口的内容到图片中, 是一种特殊的图片文件，dump出的文件的结构定义在XWDFile.h 中, dump出的文件使用xwud查看；
如果想要将dump文件转换为其他的格式, 可以是引用convert命令, convert属于imagemagick软件包;
默认情况下, 使用鼠标截图, 如果指定了 [-root | -id id | -name name ] 这三个中的一个选项, 就不再需要通过点击鼠标来选择窗口；
简单实例
xwd -silent -id $[w.id] | convert
参考文献
man x xwd, version xwd 1.0.6[……]
「yum-utils」
命令yum-config-manager找不到的解决方法：安装「yum-utils」软件包
包含在「yum-utils」中的文件（使用repoquery -q -l yum-utils命令查看）：
/etc/bash_completion.d
/etc/bash_completion.d/yum-utils.bash
/usr/bin/debuginfo-install
/usr/bin/find-repos-of-install
/usr/bin/needs-restarting
/usr/bin/package-cleanup
/usr/bin/repo-graph
/usr/bin/repo-rss
/usr/bin/repoclosure
/usr/bin/repodiff
/usr/bin/repomanage
/usr/bin/repoquery
/usr/bin/reposync
/usr/bin/repotrack
/usr/bin/show-changed-rco
/usr/bin/show-installed
/usr/bin/verifytree
/usr/bin/yum-builddep
/usr/bin/yum-config-manager
/usr/bin/yum-debug-dump
/usr/bin/yum-debug-restore
/usr/bin/yum-groups-manager
/usr/bin/yumdownloader
/usr/sbin/yum-complete-transaction
/usr/sbin/yumdb
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils/init.py
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils/init.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils/init.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils/i18n.py
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils/i18n.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yumutils/i18n.pyo
/usr/share/doc/yum-utils-1.1.30
/usr/share/doc/yum-utils-1.1.30/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/yum-utils-1.1.30/README
/usr/share/doc/yum-utils-1.1.30/y[……]
「yum」
yum
repoquery
「YUM」- RPM package manager
关于YUM的更多内容可以查看红帽的手册：
RHEL 6 Chapter 8. Yum
RHEL 7 Chapter 9. Yum
/etc/bash_completion.d /etc/bash_completion.d/yum.bash /etc/logrotate.d/yum /etc/yum /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum/pluginconf.d /etc/yum/protected.d /etc/yum/vars /etc/yum/version-groups.conf
/usr/bin/yum
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/init.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/init.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/init.pyo /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/arch.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/arch.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/arch.pyo /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.pyo /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/oldUtils.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/oldUtils.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/oldUtils.pyo /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/transaction.py /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/transaction.pyc /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/tran[……]
「repoquery」-
repoquery
SYNOPSIS
repoquery [options] <item …>
repoquery -a [options]
DESCRIPTION
repoquery is a program for querying information from YUM repositories
similarly to rpm queries.
GENERAL OPTIONS
–querytags
List valid queryformat tags and exit..
–version
Report program version and exit.
–repoid=<repo>
Specify which repository to query. Using this option disables
all repositories not explicitly enabled with –repoid option
(can be used multiple times). By default repoquery uses whatever
repositories are enabled in YUM configuration.
–enablerepo=<repo>
In addition to the default set, query the given additional
repository, even if it is disabled in YUM configuration. Can be
used multiple times.
–disablerepo=<repo>
Do not query the given repository, even if it is enabled in YUM
configuration. Can be used multiple times.
–repofrompath=<repoid>,<path/url>
Specify a path or url to a repository (same path as in a
baseurl) to add to[……]
「yum」- 命令行包管理工具
常用命令
查看软件包依赖：
yum deplist sqlite
语法格式
yum [options] [command] [package …]
命令描述
yum is an interactive, rpm based, package manager. It can automatically perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete processing based on “repository” metadata. It can also perform installation of new packages, removal of old packages and perform queries on the installed and/or available packages among many other commands/services (see below). yum is similar to other high level package managers like apt-get and smart.
While there are some graphical interfaces directly to the yum code, more recent graphical interface development is happening with PackageKit and the gnome-packagekit application.[……]
「zip」-
打包压缩文件
命令语法格式
zip [-aABcdDeEfFghjklLmoqrRSTuvVwXyz!@$] [–longoption …] [-b path] [-n suffixes] [-t date] [-tt date] [zipfile [file …]] [-xi list]
zipcloak (see separate man page)
zipnote (see separate man page)
zipsplit (see separate man page)
Note: Command line processing in zip has been changed to support long options and handle all options and arguments more consistently. Some old command lines that depend on command line inconsistencies may no longer work.
===== 命令描述 zip is a compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS, OS/2, Windows 9x/NT/XP, Minix, Atari, Macintosh, Amiga, and Acorn RISC OS. It is analogous to a combination of the Unix commands tar(1) and compress(1) and is compatible with PKZIP (Phil Katz’s ZIP for MSDOS systems).
A companion program (unzip(1)) unpacks zip archives. The zip and unzip(1) programs can work with archives produced by PKZIP (supporting most PKZIP features up to PKZIP version 4.6), and PKZIP and PKUNZIP can work with archives produced by zip (with some exceptions, notably streamed archives, but recent changes in the zip file standard ma[……]
「zipsplit(1)」-
将ZIP文件分隔成多个小ZIP文件
命令语法格式
zipsplit [-t] [-i] [-p] [-s] [-n size] [-r room] [-b path] [-h] [-v] [-L] zipfile
命令描述
命令zipsplit读取一个zip文件，并将其拆分为较小的zip文件。
命令支持的选项及含义
zipfile 要拆分的ZIP文件。
-t 报告将创建多少文件，但不要制作它们。
-i 制作索引（zipsplit.idx），并根据第一个zip文件计算其大小。
-n size 使zip文件不大于“大小”（默认值为36000）。
-r room 在第一个磁盘上为“room”字节留出空间（默认值0）。
-b path 使用path输出zip文件。
-p 在输出ZIP文件之间暂停。
-s 即使需要更多的zip文件，也要执行顺序拆分。
其他选项
-h 显示简短的帮助信息。
-v 显示版本信息。
-L 显示软件的许可证。
注意事项
尚不支持大型（> 2GB）或拆分归档。
相关手册
zip(1), unzip(1)
参考文献
man 1 zipnote, Version 3.0-11+b1
更新日志
09/23/2018 创建文章[……]