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「PVE」- 日志、监控、告警

监控(Monitoring)
External Metric Server – Proxmox VE
在 PVE 中,针对监控解决方案: 1)官方:其并未提供直接的监控方案,但其支持将自身指标主动写入 InfluxDB 与 Graphite 数据库; 2)第三方:提供很多开源的解决方案,诸如 prometheus-pve-exporter 支持抓取 PVE Cluster 指标;
我们已知的解决方案:
节点监控、虚拟机监控:pve-exporter + Prometheus + Grafana(废弃)
pve-exporter + Prometheus + Grafana
# 01/13/2023 早期我们使用该方案进行监控,但是现在我们决定更换方案。

原因如下:
1)目前(prometheus-pve-exporter 2.0.1)该方案无法抓取 Disk Usage 指标;
2)该监控方案为开源项目,我们认为(并未实际对比)官方方案会更好(或未来会发展更好);

节点监控、虚拟机监控:PVE Metirc Server + InfluxDB + Grafana
PVE Metirc Server + InfluxDB + Grafana
Telegraf + InfluxDB
Telegraf + InfluxDB
Zabbix + Proxmox
Proxmox monitoring and integration with Zabbix
监控 Ceph 集群
Prometheus Module: 1)https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/mgr/prometheus/#
Prometheus:
Grafana Dashboard: 1)https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/2842-ceph-cluster/ 2)https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/5342-ceph-pools/ 3)https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/5336-ceph-osd-single/[……]

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「Prometheus」- 概念术语

概览系统(=> INTRODUCTION/Overview)
Prometheus(我们用 Prom 简写代指),监控及告警工具,由 SoundCloud 构建,现已开源,并且已经加入 CNCF 组织(紧随 Kubernetes 之后)。
Prom 采集指标,并作为时序数据存储。例如 指标信息、时间戳、被称为标签的键值对 一起存储。
特性特征: 1)多维度的数据模型(由指标名、键值对标识的时序数据) 2)PromQL 灵活的数据查询语句; 3)不依赖分布式存储;单个服务器节点是自治的; 4)HTTP and Pull 来主动抓取指标数据; 5)亦能够通过 Push Gateway 来主动推送数据; 6)通过静态配置或服务发现的方式来主动抓取指标; 7)支持多种图形模式和仪表板;
metrics, Time series
非专业术语,metrics 指数值化的测量。Time series,指随着时间的推移而记录的变化。
通过 Metrics 和 Time Series 能够反映出应用程序的运行情况,让我们找到问题所在。
核心组件
1)Prom Server 2)Client Libraries,用于与应用程序集成; 3)Push Gateway,推送网关,以允许应用主动推送; 4)Exporters,暴露指标; 5)Alertmanger,负责告警; 6)其他周边工具;
多数组件以 Go 编写,所以构建和运行比较容易。
系统架构

根据配置的 Job 来抓取指标(直接抓取或通过 Push-Gateway 来获取); 将指标进行本地存储,并针对指标运行规则(聚合并生成新的指标,或产生告警); 通过 Grafana 来显示指标;
应用场景
适用场景: 1)记录纯数字性质的指标; 2)它既适合以机器为中心的监控,也适合监控高度动态的面向服务的架构; 3)在微服务中,它对多维数据收集和查询的支持是一个特殊的优势。
潜在问题(或不适用的场景) 1)Prometheus 重视可靠性,而非精准性,所以如果需要较高精准度,则无法依赖于 Prometheus 来实现;
监控对比(=>INTRODUCTION/Comparison to alternatives)
Comparison to alternatives | Prometheus
官方 Comparison to alternatives 文档,提供 Prom 与其他监控产品的对比。
我们相信市场及多数人的选择,所以我们未曾详细阅读该文档。
常见问题(=> INTRODUCTION/FAQ)
FAQ | Prometheus
官方 FAQ 文档,是 P[……]

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「Learning」- Key Results(关键结果)

所有「未实现」的 Node,全部采用空心; 所有「正实现」的 Node,全部采用金色(goldenrod1); 所有「已实现」的 Node,全部采用实心;所谓「已实现」,是指:其作为工具,能够满足日常需要,能够解决已知问题;[……]

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「ENGLISH」- 概念术语

音素(Phoneme)
英语的音素是指语言中最小的音段,是构成单词和语音的基本单位。英语中的音素共有 44 个,包括 20 个元音和 24 个辅音;
举例:
元音:/i:/(eat)、/ɪ/(it)、/æ/(cat)、/ɑ:/(car)、/ʌ/(cup)、/ʊ/(put)、/ə/(sofa)、/ɜ:/(fur)、/ɔ:/(law)、/u:/(rule)
辅音:/p/(pen)、/b/(book)、/t/(top)、/d/(dog)、/k/(key)、/g/(go)、/f/(fish)、/v/(very)、/s/(sun)、/z/(zebra)、/ʃ/(she)、/ʒ/(vision)、/h/(hat)、/m/(man)、/n/(net)、/ŋ/(sing)、/l/(let)、/r/(red)、/j/(yes)、/w/(we)
音标(Phonetic Notation)
英语音标(”phonetic symbol”或”phonetic notation”)是一种用来表示英语单词发音的符号系统。它由音素(语音单元)的发音特征组成,包括元音、辅音、浊音、清音、鼻音、爆破音等。英语音标可以帮助人们准确地掌握英语语音,尤其是对于非英语母语的人来说,更是必不可少的工具。
例如,单词“cat”的音标是/kæt/,其中/k/是爆破音,/æ/是短元音,/t/是清辅音。
又如,单词“apple”的音标是/ˈæpl/,其中/ˈ/表示重音,/æ/是短元音,/p/是爆破音,/l/是辅音,最后的/e/是弱元音。
通过学习英语音标,人们可以更加准确地读出英语单词的发音,提高听说能力。[……]

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「ENGLISH」- 音素

元音(20)

长元音发音: 1)在发音时,集中在口腔前半部分 2)都带有 : 后缀
短元音发音时: 2)在发音时,集中在口腔后半部分
辅音(28)[……]

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「ENGLISH」- Capitalization in Titles

According to most style guides, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are the only words capitalized in titles of books, articles, and songs.
Prepositions, articles, and conjunctions aren’t capitalized (unless they’re the first or last word).
参考文献
Title Capitalization Rules | Grammarly[……]

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「nil」- A

association
assure 向……保证 I can assure you of the reliability of the news. I assure you my actions will correspond with my words. He hastended to assure us that the press would not be informed. 急忙保证
addittionally 除此之外
availability 可用性 有效性 The availability of cheap long-term credit would help small business. Before travelling we must ensure the availabilit of petrol and oil.
available 可用的 可获得的 Since 1978, the amount of money availability to buy books has fallen by 17%.
address:演说、向……致辞;忙于;演讲、地址; He is due to address a conference on human rights next week. 发表演说 The two foreign ministers did not address each other directly when they last met. 外交部长,没有直接语言交流 Mr.King sought to address those fears when he spoke at the meeting. 试图消除恐惧
authentication;n.;身份验证; 认证;鉴定; the process or action of proving or showing something to be true, genuine, or valid. 所以 authentication 不能也有验证的意思。[……]

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「nil」- B

bird have a bird’s eye view 看的长远,鸟瞰 Mr.Brow gave a bird’s-eye view of the situation.
balance a balanceing act 平衡 The UN must perform a delicate balancing act between the different sides in the conflict. 微妙的平衡
broad:宽的、广阔的、广泛的 He had broad shoulders and powerful arms. 肩膀宽大,双臂有力 Industrial modernization opens up broad prospects for youth. 工业现代化为青年开辟广阔前程。
broaden:扩大 是变宽 Our ountry has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations. 扩大贸易 Education and experiences broaden his vision and understanding. 扩展视野
basis on as regular basis 经常 We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis. I hope you all will speak about and watch our program on a daily basis.[……]

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「nil」- C

内容简介
completely 完全地;complete 完全的、彻底的;完成; She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has compllete ly tranformaed her.
crucial:至关重要的、关键的;
critical:关键的; Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city’s pollution is its population.
conclusion 结论 jump to a conclusion 草率决定 We can safely draw some conclusion from our discussion. New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong. It look the jury some time to reach the conculustion that she was guilty.
consuming 强烈的 消耗的 consumption 消耗 all-consuming 耗时耗力的
cutback 减少、削减 People are concered about the cutback in federal welfare programs. 人们关注着联邦福利计划的削减。 The 200-person staff cutback was announced yesterday
cut cut short 缩短 打断
come into play 开始活动,开始起作用 The new rules have already come into play. Personal feelings should not come into play when one has to make business decisions.
common have……in common (with) 和……共同之处 The only thing we have in common is that we’ve both been to France.
case in some cases 在某些情况下。[……]

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「nil」- D

内容简介
defensive:防御的;防守的; Troops took up a defensive position around the town. Their questions about the money put her on the defensive. The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.[……]

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「nil」- G

内容简介
give off 发出 放出 If plastic and rubber are burnt, they’ll give off poisonous gased. Fireflies give off flashes of light when they fly at night. The flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.[……]

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「nil」- H

内容简介
handle get a handle on 控制 掌控 When you have got a handle on your anxiety you can gegin to control it.
horizon:视野、眼界;地平线; broaden one’s horizons:开阔视野 In another fifteen minutes, the sun would begin ascending over the horizon. 地平线 The course in history opend up new horizons for the students. 打开新视野 Reading not only makes one knowledgeable but broadens one’s horizons as well. The visit to the Far East certainly broadened our horizons.[……]

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「nil」- I

内容简介
important
intimate 亲密的
immerse be immersed in 沉浸于…… The whole city was immersed in a festival atmosphere.
issue 问题;期号;发行物; A key issue for higher education in the 1990’s is the need for greater diversity of courses. 重要议题、课程多样化。
inclusive 包括的 包含的 include v. 包含 including prep. 包括 The monthly rent is $450, inclusive of electricity and water. It’s an all inclusive price; there is nothing extra to pay. We have some excellent all-inclusive holidays at very reasonable prices.[……]

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「nil」- M

内容简介
mentally 精神的
mental 精神
mature Boys mature more slowly than girls, both physically and psychologically.
make make time for 为什么腾出时间[……]

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「English Words」- P

productive:富有成效的,多产的 We had a productive meeting that sloved problems.
product v. 生产 I’m quite pleased that we have the capacity to produce that much food.
production n.生产 The country is totally self-sufficient in food production.
products n.产品 Do you eat nonorganic cereals, bread, or other grain products?
persuad 说服[……]

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「nil」- R

Rhyme 押韵 Rhyme the name: rhyme their name with another word
rock v. 摇动、使摇晃 His body rocked from side to side with the train. 随火车左右摇晃。 His death rocked the fashion bussines.
ridiculous 可笑的、荒谬的 He blushed to admit that he had made a ridiculous mistake.
right right way 立刻启程。 I suggest that we start out right way. The nearest research observatory should be contacted right away.
resort 度假圣地;凭借; Hawaii is a famous tourist resort. 度假圣地 The best means we should resort to is to build a long dam along the river. 我们应当采取的最好措施[……]

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「nil」- S

内容简介
significant:意义重大 Your success today may be significant for your whole life.
signal 信号;发出信号;
sign 符号 As soon as the seat belt sign had been switched off, we rushed out.
sympton 信号、症状(内部变化,而导致外在表现) If the sympton persist, it is important to go to your doctor.
strive 努力 奋斗 Strive for the best, prepare for the worst.[……]

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「nil」- T

内容简介
tropical 热带的 sub-tropical 亚热带 A number of tropical plants have been naturalized in China. Rice is the import cereal in many tropical and sub-tropical areas.
ton a ton of 大量的 Computers can store a ton of data and their laptop companions make all that information portable.[……]

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「nil」- W

内容简介
write write off 勾销、取消 We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping. 取消当天日程去购物。 The president persuaded the West to write off Polish debts.
well as well 也 She has resigned. Two days later the three other teachers resigned as well.[……]

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「PHRASES IN ENGLISH」- 英语短语整理

for all intents and purposes 从所有的这些看;在各种目的和意图之下;无论出于何种目的;
WIP: work in progress FYI: for your information ASAP: as soon as possible
a productive and successful life:飞黄腾达的人生
do sb. wrong 冤枉某人
a fair-weather friend 只能同甘,不能共苦
revolve around 围绕……转动,以……为中心
within seconds 几秒钟后
数字序号
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary, Senary, Septenary, Octonary, Nonary, Denary, Undenary, Duodenary。
相关链接
Alphabet soup (linguistics)

章节列表
「ENGLISH」- 部门的英文翻译[……]

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「ENGLISH」- 部门的英文翻译

In an IT Company
What are the departments in an IT company? – Quora
Marketing: responsible for promoting the company’s products or services to potential customers.
Sales: responsible for selling the company’s products or services to customers. Engineering: responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining the company’s products or services.
Support: responsible for helping customers with technical issues or questions related to the company’s products or services.
Operations: responsible for the day-to-day running of the company, including logistics, supply chain management, and financial planning.
Human resources: responsible for managing the company’s employees, including hiring, training, and performance management.
Legal: responsible for handling legal matters related to the company, such as contracts and intellectual property.
Finance: responsible for managing the company’s financial resources, including budgeting, forecasting, and reporting.[……]

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「英语魔法师之语法俱乐部」

内容简介
本部分内容是对《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》书籍的“解读”。
读书感悟
学习语言是为了表达,而不是为了符合语法。
先有语言,再有语法,语法是对语言的“总结”。只要是能自圆其说的“总结”,都可以称之为“语法”。

章节列表
「Chapter 15」 「Chapter 17- 形容词从句简化」 「Chapter 15」 「Chapter 09」- 语气 「PART 2 (Complex Sentences and Compound Sentences)」[……]

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「英语魔法师之语法俱乐部」- 原版

章节列表
「Chapter 20- 副词从句简化之二」 「Chapter 11- 主语动词一致性」 「Chapter 05」- 动名词 「Chapter 18- 名词从句简化」 「Chapter 13」- 副词从句 「Chapter 12」- 名词从句 「Chapter 14」- 关系从句[……]

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「Chapter 01- 基本句型及补语」

五种单句的基本句型:

S+V (主语+动词)
S+V+O (主语+动词+宾语)
S+V+C (主语+动词+补语)
S+V+O+O (主语+动词+宾语+宾语)
S+V+0+C (主语+动词+宾语+补语)

S:主语 V:动词 O:宾语 C:补语
虽然从初中开始就教五种基本句型,可是其中有两种(句型3和句型5)关于补语的句型,许多人恐怕一直没有真正搞清楚是怎么回事。如果有五分之二的简单句没有弄懂,接下来的复句可就没办法弄清楚了。所以补语是第一个需要加强的观念。
传统语法处理这个问题时,照例是取一些名词来搪塞过去,像“补语”这个词本身,以及“不完全不及物动词”和“不完全及物动词”等等。动词的及物或不及物还是比较容易了解的观念,至于 什么叫做“不完全”,在传统语法中一直没有讲清楚,连带什么叫做“补语”也就不甚明确。
其实,要了解补语,只需要研究那些解释为“是”的动词。基本句型分五种,是因为有五种特性不同的动词而造成的。在所有的英语动词中,只有解释为“是”的动词是空的,完全没有意义。也只有这种动词才需要补语来补足句子的意思。
先回到出发点来说。一个完整的句子,必须能够表达完整的意思。这需要以两个部分来完成:主语和动词。主语,是这个句子所叙述的对象。动词,构成叙述的主要内容。例如:

John Smith died in World War Two.(约翰•史密斯死于第二次世界大战。)

John Smith killed three enemy soldiers.(约翰•史密斯杀了三名故军士兵。)

在例1中,主语 John Smith 是这个句子所叙述的对象。讲白一点就是:这个句子要告诉你的是有关 John Smith 的事情。是什么事情呢?主要是:他“死了” (died)。动词 died 构成叙述的主要内容。 至于说他死在第一次大战还是第二次大战,则是可有可无的细节,以介词短语 in World War Two 来表示,依附在动词上做修饰语使用。 换句话说,例1如果只说 John Smith died,也可以构成意思完整、正确的句子。
像 die 这种动作,可以独立发生,不牵涉到别的人或物,这种动词就叫“不及物”动词。可是像例2中 kill 这种动作,就必须发生在另一个对象的身上。要做出“杀”的动作,得有个东西“被杀”才行,“杀”这种动词就叫“及物”动词,它后面通常必须跟着一 个宾语来“接受”这个动作。例2中,killed 就是及物动词,而 three enemy soldiers 就是宾语。
接下来要进入重点所在了。在例2中,killed 虽然需要宾语,可是句子最主要的内容还是在主语、动词这[……]

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「Chapter 02」- 名词词组与冠词

名词短语是英语句子中不可或缺的元素。简单句的主语、宾语 是它,补语也可以是它。除了主语、宾语、补语这些主要元素外, 介系词后面所接的宾语也是名词短语,所以名词短语使用的频率极高。不过名词短语很容易出错,尤其是冠词的部分,写作时一不小心就会用错。一般语法书处理这个问题时,通常会列出一长串规 则,再附注一大堆例外,这种语法书,坦白说对于学英语的人并没有太大的帮助。本章就要和读者一同来探讨名词短语,尤其是冠词的用法。本书中没有规则要背,自然也就不会有所谓的例外。只要经由理性的探讨,便足以涵盖传统诂法所有的规则,而且更深入、更灵活。
名词短语
首先,英语是一种拼音文字,和其他拼音文字一样,用词尾的变化来表示单、复数。不仅如此,在名词短语的开头,还有一些符号来配合标示该名词的范围,这种符号在语言学上称为“限定词”(Determiners)。它与词尾的单复数符号互相呼应,共同 determine 名词的范围。冠词就是 Determiners 之中的一种。请看下面的例子:

a new book 一本新书
many good students 许多好学生
his beautifule wife 他美丽的妻子
the best answer 组好的答案
those sweet roses 那些芳香的玫瑰花

这几个名词短语都是由三个部分所构成。第一个部分(a、 many、his 等)就是限定词,这个限定词决定第三个部分(book、students、wife 等),亦即名词部分的范围。中间的部分(new、good、 beautiful 等)则是形容词,为依附在名词上的修饰语,是可有可无的元素。
其实,名词短语的这三个部分当中,每个部分都可以省略。在 a new book 中,即使拿掉形容词,剩下 a book,这个名词短语还是正确的。同样地,在 the best answer 中如果拿掉名词,剩下 the best 也一样是正确的,例如:

Of these answers, this one is the be.
(在这些答案中,这个最好。)

读者可以从此句中清楚了解 the best 就是 the best answer 的意思。甚至在 those sweet roses 中,可以把形容词和名词一起拿掉,只剩下 those,仍是正确的名词短语。比如说,你指着一些玫瑰花,对花店老板说:

I want those.(我要那种的。)

老板就会知道你要的是什么。
什么时候不需要用限定词?
如果把 many good students 中的限定词 many 拿掉,剩下 good students,仍然是正[……]

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