「English」- 数词 | Numeral

认识

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组成

基数词

定义:在英语中,表示数目的词称为基数词。

基数词的构成:

常用基数词:

1-10 | one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten

11-19 | eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen

20,30,… | twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,one hundred

21-99 | 先十位,再个位,中间加连字符,格式:<x>-<x>,例如:23 → twenty-three, 34 → thirty-four

101—999 | 先百位,再 and,再加末两位数或末位数,

格式:<x> hundred and <x>-<x>

586 → five hundred and eighty-six, 803 → eight hundred and three

l,000 以上 | 先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为 thousand.第二个“,”前为 million,第三个“,”前为 billion,然后一节一节地表示。

格式:<x> billion, <x> million, <x> hundred and <x>-<x>
  9,785 → nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five

  6,260,309 → six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

  750,000,000,000 → seven hundred and fifty, billion

序数词

定义:在英语中,表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。

序数词的构成:

一般在基数词后加th, eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth,多位数把个位变序数词。

  基数词变为序数词的规则(口诀):
  1)基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th;一、二、三特殊记,结尾 t、d、d;
  2)八减t,九减 e,f 要把 ve 替。ty 把y改为i,记得 the 前有个e。

常用序数词:

1-10 | first、second、third、fourth、fifth、sixth、seventh、eighth、ninth、tenth

11-20 | eleventh、twelfth、thirteenth、fourteenth、fifteenth、sixteenth、seventeenth、eighteenth、nineteenth、twentieth

21-30 | twenty-first、twenty-second、twenty-third、twenty-fourth、twenty-fifth、twenty-sixth、…

其中 1st,2nd,3rd 为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加 th。以1,2,3 结尾是 st,nd,rd。eg:twenty-first—-21st

数字序号

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary, Senary, Septenary, Octonary, Nonary, Denary, Undenary, Duodenary。

性质

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应用

基数词的用法

1)表示数量:  Eg. 一 How many books would you like? 一 I would like two.

2)表示号码:  eg.My phone number is 6887789.

3)表示时间:  eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.

4)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁(31—34 岁):

  This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代,

5)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million 用单数。eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.

6)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加 of,hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)

  eg。Hundreds of old people died of cold last winter.

序数词的用法

1)the + 序数词,表示“第几” eg. John lives on the fifteenth floor.
2)a/an + 序数词,表达”再一,又一”:  eg. We’ll have to do it a second time.
3)年月日的表达:  年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示

4)分数的表达:

分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1,分母加-s。

分数:one-fourth 四分之一 | three-fourths 四分之三 | two-thirds 三分之二 | four-fifths 五分之四

特殊:one-half 或 a half 二分之一 | three-quarters 四分之三的读法,a quarter 相当于四分之一

例句:The sea covers nearly three-fourths of the world’s surface. 海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三。

带分数:整数部分和分数部分之间使用连词“and”连接。

例如:one and a half

5)序数词也可以用作副词:When did you first see him?
6)基数词也能表示顺序,如书刊的页的数目,住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。Page Eight, Room 304,Class Seven,
7)倍数表示法:  主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
8)在…世纪:  in the twenty-first century