问题描述
在 Jenkins Pipeline 中,需要在远程主机上执行命令。当然可以直接执行 ssh(1)命令,但是该方法可移植性较差,并非最佳实践;
该笔记将记录:在 Jenkins Pipeline 中,如何使用 SSH 命令的方法,及相关问题的解决办法;
解决方案
安装 SSH Pipeline Steps 插件:
1)插件主页:https://plugins.jenkins.io/ssh-steps/#plugin-content-sshput
2)使用文档:https://www.jenkins.io/doc/pipeline/steps/ssh-steps/
3)项目主页:https://github.com/jenkinsci/ssh-steps-plugin#sshput
远程执行命令
然后,在 Jenkins Pipeline 中使用如下代码:
def remote = [:] remote.name = 'test' remote.host = 'test.domain.com' remote.user = 'root' remote.password = 'password' remote.allowAnyHosts = true sshCommand remote: remote, command: "ls -lrt"
但安全性较低:因为密码不应该直接进行编码,而是应该是创建 Credentials 后,再使用代码获取。如下示例:
// 注意,我们这里跳过了创建 Credentials 的方法
// 在 Jenkinsfile 中
withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: "Your-Credentials-Id", usernameVariable: "username", passwordVariable: "password")]) {
def remote = [:]
remote.name = 'test'
remote.host = 'test.domain.com'
remote.user = username
remote.password = password
remote.allowAnyHosts = true
sshCommand remote: remote, command: "ls -lrt"
}
// 在共享库中有点不同
//「共享库」与「Jenkinsfile」二者是有差别的。主要在于对变量的理解上。 由 withCredentials 生成
// 的变量是位于环境中的,所以要到 env 中获取;
class Foo {
Script pipeline // 在 Jenkinsfile 中,以 new Foo(this)的形式实例化
Foo(Script pipeline) {
this.pipeline = pipeline
}
public void bar() {
this.pipeline.withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: "Your-Credentials-Id", usernameVariable: "username", passwordVariable: "password")]) {
def remote = [:]
remote.name = 'test'
remote.host = 'test.domain.com'
remote.user = this.pipeline.env.username // 变量是注入到环境变量中的
remote.password = this.pipeline.env.password // 变量是注入到环境变量中的
remote.allowAnyHosts = true
sshCommand remote: remote, command: "ls -lrt"
}
}
}
当然支持 SSH 私钥访问:
def remote = [:]
remote.name = "node-1"
remote.host = "10.000.000.153"
remote.allowAnyHosts = true
node {
withCredentials([sshUserPrivateKey(credentialsId: 'sshUser', keyFileVariable: 'identity', passphraseVariable: '', usernameVariable: 'userName')]) {
remote.user = userName
remote.identityFile = identity
stage("SSH Steps Rocks!") {
writeFile file: 'abc.sh', text: 'ls'
sshCommand remote: remote, command: 'for i in {1..5}; do echo -n \"Loop \$i \"; date ; sleep 1; done'
}
}
}
(注意,上一个示例中「Jenkinsfile」与「共享库」的差别,这里不再展开)
远程复制文件
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Publish to Remote Server') {
steps {
withCredentials([file(credentialsId: "HOST-SSH-PRIVATE-KEY", variable: 'privateKeyFile')]) {
sshPut(
remote: [
name : "server name",
host : "192.168.1.52",
user : "root",
identityFile : privateKeyFile,
allowAnyHosts : true
],
from : "./",
into : "/opt/"
)
}
}
}
}
}
相关链接
我们需要了解「Credentials Binding」插件,及对应的「Pipeline Steps Reference/Credentials Binding Plugin」手册,该插件负责获取 Jenkins 中配置的各种 Credentials 信息,以提高 Pipeline 的安全性及可移植性;
已知问题
Failed SFTP MKDIR: …
put method generates “Failed SFTP MKDIR” · Issue #218 · int128/groovy-ssh · GitHub
该错误并不会影响文件复制操作。
参考文献
Pipeline Steps Reference/SSH Pipeline Steps
SSH Steps for Jenkins Pipeline
Jenkins Pipeline ssh steps sshPut all of a file type – Stack Overflow